And nurturing of bees and honey production in Yemen

And nurturing of bees and honey production in Yemen

And nurturing of bees and honey production in Yemen
Hive consists of three types of Queen, Dipset, male
And we will address to explain each type, function and work
1 - Queen and some areas of Yemen calls the Abu bees, followed by the queen and worker bees and male who they call a dragonfly and queens called them a dragonfly and Queen is one of the largest bee length about 3.5 cm and bees generally composed of three parts head, head and thorax and abdomen .. Head when two of the eyes .. Eyes normal eyes marital come in Hall head and eyes called them a vehicle containing lenses vehicle managed bee carry out its tasks and head covers Nmassa and jaw sideways and antennae The rib cage includes feathers and wing to fly vertically under the wing muscle sphincter fly by Bee vertically distance and the reins of bees stretch to 5 km circular on dissolved and sometimes 10 km in search of food and bee insect by two machines nervous and digestive and heart and blood type is hot by dividing vertebrates from the blood of warm blood cold, and heat is distributed bees cross-proliferation and a bee digestive a نمص mouth and tongue and throat that extends to the stomach ..The stomach is made up of one primed for the production of honey and other digestive curb .. The bees work enzymatic treatment of nectar and its transformation into a honey bee has a range of glands include enzyme .. Queen governor cell and the task of putting eggs and maintain birth control and have an organ transgenetic mature able to put eggs and secrete four odors through glands side first characterize the oud and the cell and the second Understanding with some bees like bees exploratory and reagent statistical and smell the third sex when they are vaccinated by males and fourth smell departure for the cell that occurs in two cases .. First after the eggs and the birth of new queen departing mother to a specific place by bees pilot to create a new kingdom and leave the Queen Mother in another case if did not like the atmosphere in the region, such as the lack of pasture migrate and leave lute empty and before departure secrete odorless fourth for the rest of the bees signal travel.
Omar Queen .. Thorn supported
Omar Queen runs between four and five years and six years and contains a fork to bite several times do not die like other bees that bites once and then die, because fork Queen backed muscles not filled unless inspired God has recorded one case in the world where the queen was bitten Nhala .. Note that Queen poison works ten times the normal bee, a discipline the rest of the rebel bees .. Type II Aljbh per worker bees and has only one queen .. Worker bees eat more individuals within the cell may extend the number of worker bees inside the same Aljbh to 50 thousand active.


The Queen and the entry of the original single fertilized egg and control the amount of food the size of the hole Royal Hexagon this fertilized egg determines Queen or ÔŰÇáĺ .. Maids all be offered to over worker Jhazhen Tousel and honey production channel overnight with a stomach the size of sophisticated small estimated one-third the size of queens and worker bees, and their several functions within and outside Aljbh, inside Aljbh worker and bridesmaids .. Worker information they reach the Queen about the availability of food and pollen, how bleaching? When bleaching? The birth of new worker instead of the worker bees dead or to create a new kingdom, and how the overall situation within the lute and nursery and how maids cell ages .. And there alongside these types bees observer like police inside lute task of maintaining public order within the cell and prevents eggs any ÔŰÇáĺ do not even give birth to male deformed because spawning of tasks queen and bees observer if discovered ÔŰÇáĺ bleaching via hole hexagon punishes death to be a lesson to others and brutally, and there are also bee incubators interesting custody and larvae and bees for cleanliness and bees to guard all this inside Oud The functions of maids outside lute or cell which collect nectar from flowers and pollen and Alacypr or gum bees and bees pilot who provides cell secrets such as military intelligence so that the Queen out of the vaccination in a suitable atmosphere not when assailants like Hornet .. The bees reagent Vmanmth combing areas, a strong bee able to mobilize food in areas long distances .. It is distributed in the form of Saraya in areas cell four and a Baltmsheet then returns to the cell Vttgma around maids on rings then begin determining the direction of pasture are dancing and the distance to deal with sunlight revolve full cycle with a jolt and a bee around you during the quake feed bees in the loop of product pasture to say to them that this is a trend and this is a taste of the product and all bee revealing giving information about pasture given the same way then you rest bees subjecting all the information of the vote to choose the right place for nectar and then give guidance for each bee direction of pasture winner vote and language odors and dance .. Take out odors Queen and dancing deal the rest of the bees, Dancing types have.

With regard to bees male eggs have not enriched as when queens and worker bees and the number of dyes الكروموزمات each one including 16 Kromzum and male has no father, but carries the genetic traits of the mother and the male does not bite because شوكته turned to Rod and his genital sophisticated works evocative shortcut channel honey production Thus Bees males do not produce honey and their mission only vaccinated queens and then all of them sentenced to death .. The process of pollination queen after graduating from the cell information bees exploratory where congregate around thousands of bees males who rise them Queen high long-distance in marathon so fertilized male, charismatic rise with them and catch up with them because the Queen does not want to vaccinate the male weak so can not male vulnerable continue to catch up with the queen comes and they're so not stay with her only strong male who is Ptgayhaa then die on her hand during her return to the cell to be male bees vulnerable waiting and whenever they were approached by someone attacked him ÔŰÇáĺ Veldgth Fmata together and so is the execution of all the males in the thousands. 

Bees factions in Yemen Ardiha and best types and forms of hives

Bees factions in Yemen Ardiha and best types and forms of hives

Bees factions in Yemen Ardiha and best

Shot factions, but:
Lardy factions queen bees is bees Yemeni due to its small size because the Yemeni descend breed of African origin but the nice thing about it is fierce resistance to the attackers and the platoon Yemeni three types are the queens of golden yellow color and brown and black queens and yellow are the best kinds.

Types and forms of hives

Hives:

There are three types of cells .. First cell Municipal and shape Kalmasorh and second Kenyan open a wooden planks without roof is inverted pyramid and a substitute for ceiling rulers wooden designed in carpentry so applied to the cell type length 90 cm accommodates 25 ruler every ruler by Creek in rural Bees are the Shabak and every ruler by the network is Khorram network hung Kalplde and bees wide grille freely and third cell square, a U.S. design grille with a frame and limited .. What it is that distinguishes cells .. Municipal cell known Shabak appears bee, beekeeper able to see the first of a network of forward or backward and Kenyan beekeeper was unable to withdraw rulers and take the ruler and cut network or a Aasrha to centrifuges.

Bee products and the role of flowers in production

Bee products and the role of flowers in production

Bee products and the role of flowers in production
Bee products:
Produces bee six kinds of products, but before moving to these types نعرج slightly to plant flowers and its role in maintaining the kind فالأزهار while yield secrete pollen yellow do not see with the naked eye from male to female and always carry flowers three note and other feminine In these trees after ten days males are turning to females, mean happen maturity for the three note before feminine and vice versa, and in order to ensure cast vaccination does secrete nectar sweet to lure insects to swallow and thus of the pollination naturally and properly Among insects bees and more trees highest degrees of nectar cans by 95% and the remaining five pollen The bee when you go for flowers, she goes to three goals first is to collect nectar Ptsrabh to channel production of honey and a while back bees to cell based unload what a swarm of nectar to clamp through vomiting and not defecate as many people believe and gets his enzymes analytical Links honey .. Each bee collects nectar from flowers throughout the day and empty it into the Shabak, and the more I drank nectar get in the stomach Physiotherapy and turn into honey after the bees a lot of work throughout the night and the day, then store in holes top and closed it, making it the honey sealed as they call it .. Note that the bees do not sleep because no eyelid but restless little, well, while you bees do honey sealed the reduction ratio of water to 10% in order to be free of bacteria, to store several years on the basis that stockpile returning to if they do not find pasture, but if there pasture not return for stocks and the second goal go bees for him for flowers is to collect pollen cross hair front legs if Venus by a large proportion of pollen while returning bees to the cell you mix these pills with honey and called then baked bees and then used for breeding and larval nutrition and activate glands and supports the royal food, a transparent liquid and sensitive and effective medication if kept at certain temperatures, with the knowledge that this treatment called royal jelly bee sold at two thousand riyals for mM per liter which increases sexual power in men and women and stronger than the standard treatment Viagra because first activates sperm and improve fertility and treats macular and ED Assorted queen bees used to increase fertility because Viagra work انتصابا only while maintaining the same sexual power, the royal food and pollen filling the cans activates the process of citizenship and a sperm of many compounds.
In order to breed bees to be baked bees to activate the hospital, because in the production of royal jelly to increase fertility queen in the production of eggs, either wax Vtantjh bees, Valgdd in channel production of honey transmit honey to wax after drinking maids honey and DO-shaped _khasos in the stomach is collected, In order to produce a kilo of wax is consumed bees for twenty kilos of honey and during production wax appears on the bees, like you work hard like childbirth in women, and this wax generous can be used in cosmetics to eliminate freckles, acne and gives freshness to the face .. As the bee venom from within interactions bee products and secretes acids and thus when they bite bee man working his interactions immune sensitivity and being a boat acidic must put human place sting composite alkaline like Alfoma, which let you Pfs wound not swell the human body, which was bite Bee venom is used to treat rheumatism and manner Chinese acupuncture centers specializing in neuro-like cupping where they are using bees to sting the disease in certain places of the body and in this way cases are handled satisfactorily many intractable deficit medicine for treatment, but I think in Yemen does not exist. 

Collect the venom of bees and its usefulness and how extracted from the bee

Collect the venom of bees and its usefulness and how extracted from the bee

Collect the venom of bees and its usefulness and how extracted from the bee
Collecting venom
And how it is collected venom?!
Following bites bees to humans that causes secrete a substance called Ancironat a chemical is considered a sign of bees that human enemy so if human exposure to bite in front of apiaries, he should leave the place because the material detachment due to sting secrete smell certain require all bees other to repeat the bites the same rights only without the other, and was next to others that article is exasperating to bees has attended this article lab through dish covered membrane Plastic is tied and then pour it three drops of Article provocative for the bees which Aagafr bitten plastic film slave so crossed forks bees Cuomo bee venom to the dish and is combined from 5 to 6 mg of it and mix 5% by weight with honey and that means preparing kilo honey requires 50 grams cm bees and 950 grams honey and products honey propolis, this product most beekeepers in Yemen do not know and collections bees from the buds of leaves and Vicia soft and flowers plants that have immunity internal and external, and are exposed to bacterial infections and viral, fungal and even not exposed to such injuries the plant secrete a layer successive substance known to some villages Yemen Balasal.
The bees eating this article and her works address enzymatic Vijrj substance successive is propolis used bees to paint lining lute from the inside to provide heat and cold together, and fill the holes and fill them to avoid attacks enemies and substance sterile wax and honey because it contains materials deadly bacteria, viruses, fungi and maturation of eggs Queens, also uses Bees substance propolis to embalm any insect or rat or other Tzllk cell bees could not take it out you Pthanitha order not to rot inside the cell so that they remain well for five thousand years .. And Propolis types ore and other uses for the treatment of twentieth disease, including gastric ulcer and twelve and hemorrhoids, colon and virus BUS and also addresses ED and increases fertility of women and men, and the treatment of burns and wounds diabetes and has antioxidants and delay aging rights and strengthens the body and is used with oils that are eaten, such as sesame and olive oil as is the work of hair and body paints for man of propolis product. 

Types of bee disease in Yemen

Types of bee disease in Yemen

Types of bee disease in Yemen
Bee diseases:
Bees exposed to seven diseases co-occurrence things, could cause the destruction and extermination quality honey and quantity, so when infected bees these diseases become effective incomplete and weak and even movement and its months CNA and the most common of bees in Yemen first called fur or mites bees feeding on the blood of bees and kills generation Next of bees through exposure to egg per the Queen five eggs tick who Evksen after three days and start Attflan the bee is still larva and Amussn blood arises bees weak is not even able to fly and without feathers or suite this disease comes in cold regions far and the second disease is: diarrhea Bacterial comes from bacteria infect bees diarrhea, serving also on the quality and quantity of honey, as well as the number of bees and the biggest source of infection through water could work and B cell becomes sharp and cause significant losses for beekeepers and treatment of the disease on the beekeeper diagnose the disease early before it becomes an epidemic, the second thing wakes early to apiaries and 200 meters from the pasture and Note bees crawling on the ground and holding the bee from the middle and Adguetha simple click if came out of her yellow liquid smell foul addressed powder is a antibiotic to 100 grams and must of Nahal that works loosed Scria by 2:1 each Kilo honey works his 2 liters of water every liter of sugar syrup works his 2 grams of powder and a liter handles four sticks, and of necessity be the measurement of treatment with the balance and will be presented to solve over five consecutive days and one month after dose diluted per liter grams of powder prophylaxis in addition to the need to sterilize the water for the bees .. There another disease named Nusima but is known in Yemen and stiffness brood chalk up the thin membrane of the queen grow fungi Visalb in chalk powder Vtamot bee inside because they can not get out as can not bee that opens them from abroad, and diseases rot brood European and American and Alakars. 

Bees and disease diagnosis and some therapeutic drugs

Bees and disease diagnosis and some therapeutic drugs

Bees and disease diagnosis and some therapeutic drugs

The polycystic brood disease is the most famous and the most important viral disease that affects honey bees, it is easy to diagnose this disease where:

1 - head in infected larvae are dark in color.

2 - lying infected larva flat on her back and extended in the six-party eye where her head raised slightly higher, as is evident in this photo:

3 - usually not covered by bees, six eyes, which have infected larvae or dead.

4 - larva that died from the impact of HIV polycystic brood take first white pale and then turn to yellow and then eventually turns to a brown color, which turns into a dark brown gradually with time, where begins the emergence of brown zones head and chest and is so most characteristic symptoms of the disease.

5 - easy to remove the dead larva of the eye by means of six-party tongs in this case they relate with forceps like the bag as is evident in this photo:

Larvae infected with polycystic brood can be easily removed from the six-eye, unlike in the case of illness U.S. rot brood, and the larva be in the form of a bag full of millions of disease germs, and the only way to fight the disease is to strengthen communities diseased and change queens

6 - a leather bag larva, which did not slough where full aqueous fluid, which flows from the bag easily when cut or shredded.

7 - If still dead bee larva they may dry out and shrink and turn into brown or black crust at the bottom of the six-party eye, which are similar to some dead larvae of some other diseases such as brood European or American brood disease.

8 - be non-adherent crust completely in the bottom of the six-party eye disease also occurs in the U.S. where brood be fully adherent.

9 - There are no distinct odor of larvae that had died of impact brood polycystic disease unlike what exists in bacterial diseases.

10 - The presence of hexagonal eyes incomplete coverage sporadic Yin capped brood or a closed brood did not come out of the eyes after the departure of six-party around her brood.

Brood disk and see some eyes is covered as seen bee larvae lying during the six-eye with her ​​head held high up

11 - failed infected larvae as well as developed by Virgin patient access to the pupal stage.

It is believed that the virus infects small larvae, which at the age of 48 hours, which is more sensitive to infection with the virus.

In some cases, the bees covering larvae infected and which die immediately after covering eyes party, and virus multiplies within tissues larva causing decomposition where not be able larva in this case to complete the process of alienation and remain layer Alanduqueotikl as is without decomposition as a result of damage glands Alapedrmah producing enzyme Alkitnez where the larvae die after that.

In nature, the worker bees are usually discovered larvae infected and you are removing quickly so it at the onset of symptoms, which go unnoticed beekeeper, he will have gotten the disease and enable community, starting with injury late winter and in the spring and early summer, has been observed in apiaries infected, the severity of injury vary from zero to 100% of the communities, and for the infected frames vary the severity of the infection of the small number of eyes of the six-party brood to 95% of it.

It has been found that the virus polycystic brood can live up to 200 days in bee bread, and now the disease Polycystic brood has been fully understood and studied.

The question is how disappear the disease in the summer, despite the added frames containing larvae dry able to enemies of the disease and to the community sound despite the fact that these frames by injury estimated 54%, and to clarify that found that lignans larvae dry the virus lose their ability to infection After 3 weeks at 18o C.

The second question is how the disease spreads in the temperate zones?

To illustrate, the Bailey in 1970 between the virus can accumulate in the head insect full, especially in the glands under the pharyngeal also been isolated also from brain-mentioned, it is clear from this that the insect full of honey bees working repository for virus polycystic brood, and is believed to be the way of transmitting the virus, has seen polycystic brood disease in the summer and after that communities have suffered from it in full insects as in the case of pesticide illness.

Method of treatment

Control and treatment:

Following recommendations by which to control the disease and reduce its severity:

1 - strengthen weak communities addition of bees.

2 - Change the Queen in the affected communities.

3 - improving environmental conditions in the region dissolved.

4 - put the cells on pregnant women to prevent bees from entering creeping them and who may be infected.

It is the Lebanese Eiffel Company products to eradicate the disease

New Taramesan Eiffel NEW TERRAMYCIN with vitamins

The antibiotic bees and domain-wide for the treatment of diarrheal diseases black and crawling, bacteria and abdominal diseases in general terms while the pressure on the belly of the bee and graduated smelly. It has many other therapeutic rollover

Where the composition includes a therapeutic group vitamins, calcium and

oxytetracycline

neomycin

vitamin A

vitamin D3

vitamin K

vitamin E

vitamin B12

vitamin B2

niacinamide

calcium patothenate

Available in the form of powder with 100 grams bags

How to use:

1 gram per liter syrup prophylaxis

2 grams per liter of syrup as a treatment

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Taramesan Eiffel TERRAMYCIN Soluble Powder

This is also similar to the above and the difference between them that this product for the treatment of severe

And is also available in the form of powder with 100 grams bags

How to use:

1 gram per liter syrup prophylaxis

2 grams per liter of syrup as a treatment

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Royal products to treat disease

Antibiotic bees

Antibiotic bees and domain-wide for the treatment of bacterial infections, infectious diarrhea and is used to treat sepsis, rashes, spots and pimples and paralysis, as well as treatment and domain-wide for the treatment of respiratory tract

Contain mounted on oxytetracycline, calcium and neomycin and other composite materials

Where available in the form of bags of 100 grams

How to use:

For added protection on the quantity of sugar syrup approximately 1 gram per 1 liter of water

As for treatment, the solution is compounded by diabetes by almost 2 grams per 1 liter of water

And given product results Mzhlh and the first dose and therapeutic experience is a proof.

The product is authorized under the supervision of laboratory Alama

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Powder for the treatment of sepsis brood American and European bees

It is considered an antibiotic for the treatment of disease U.S. rot hug and European bees

And used in two ways:

1 - mixed with the solution diabetes:

In addition Composite dropped grams per liter syrup and offers of the infected cell and this in the case of disease prevention.

In the case of treatment is added by 2 grams per 1 liter of water

2 - way fogging on the cells:

Fogging of the compound evenly on the edges of the cells, the highest peak brood frames in the cell by about 3 grams per edge.

These illustrative picture of how cells fogging

And advisable to use the first method, a situation with sugar syrup to it the second fastest either way also advised omitted for I at times of the season where we we have to stop us then your communities are feeding this is the best way.

And is available in the form of bags of 100 grams

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Paralysis

Including:

Parkinson's disease is the second disease is well known in the honey bee.

Where he wrote his beekeepers since more than 100 years, and rarely found in beehives but could lead to the death of a small number of communities, and disappears as quickly as shows, and bee suffering from paralysis often lose hair from her body and becomes her puffy and shiny and black, sometimes known as the disease as baldness or disease concurrent disease symptoms appear and that lead to blackening of bees.

And the first to put his remarks about the disease is Huber in 1814 and in 1963, enables Bailey and his colleagues to identify the two types of viruses cause paralysis of honey bees and are the ABPV Wall CBPV, and have begun to understand and recognize disease the CBPV by studies conducted by Burside years 1933 and 1945, where he noted that the presence of bees bald disease is not fixed, and the bees infected severely may die sometimes before losing his hair as decreasing behavior offensive to bees sound towards bees patient in cold temperatures, as well as a paralysis in a man or more of the legs bee, also notes also the effect of temperature on the infected bees , Bee, which was incubated at 35 ° C showed noticeable symptoms before death occurs and for bees, which was incubated at low temperatures.

It was observed that bees infected paralyzed chronic CBPV die faster on the degree of 35 degrees Celsius while the bees infected paralyzed sharp ABPV die faster on the degree of 30 ° C, and believed that most cases of bees creeping in communities be linked paralyzed chronic CBPV, as Butler in 1943 has said 12 medical condition characterized by paralysis and crawl and the inability of the bees to fly including incidence of Alniosema and disease Alokarin.

The disease acute paralysis ABPV it found that worker bees infected die quickly on the degree of 30 ° C, and accumulate units ABPV in glands under the pharyngeal in Ras insect full as it does not affect these glands, and the disease during the season activity where help high temperature on debut , has been registered Severe Acute paralysis in the Soviet Union and Germany and found that it is linked to injury varroa dream where Varroa likely to dream himself may carry this virus.

ÔŰÇáĺ honey bees infected with paralysis in a state of trembling and twitching constant, also inspected the bees her hair appears black dark suggesting the Nahal as bees alien cell (bee thief), and can treat the disease by changing Queen strain strong, and add bees young of cell intact.

Symptoms of Parkinson disease:

1 - a rapid paralysis and severe for the bees.

2 - infected insect Bartajafat in the fuselage and wings.

3 - see maids runners on earth is capable of flying or crawling on the branches of trees.

4 - enlarged abdomen and the honey stomach fluid is full.

5 - may be involved including insect-like diarrhea.

6 - complete death of insects.

7 - deteriorates community over several days and remains a small number of worker bees with the queen.

8 - help varroa disease emergence and activate paralysis virus.

9 - The insect bristles from her body.

10 - turn insects who lost her whiskers to a glossy black color.

Method of treatment

Used to treat Parkinson's disease bacteria and Delta, which is one of the strongest products to treat

Anti-bacterial Delta:

Delta bacteria

To clean water and sterile and unusable (free of germs and bacteria)

Is one of the most powerful preservatives water and Mclat of all kinds of bacteria and viruses and bacteria, which can be used for all cases water purification use immediately or to store the majority of bee diseases in tropical comes from water that we use without boiling or sterilization with sugar to feed bees or water them drinks bees , takes many kinds of bacteria, viruses and germs causing many diseases of bees and transferred to the larvae, which feed directly from the mouth of worker bees so transmit diseases from generation to generation until the end and lows forces and die slowly after that publishes the infection to all denominations bees adjacent to each other . Van losing bees big loss not easily compensate for that antibacterial Delta to maintain and to prevent the majority of types of bacteria, viruses and germs for a full year. For the prevention of fungal and viral diseases such as bacterial diarrhea (black) Alnaosemea - (black diarrhea) - European rot - ossification - paralysis. Delta, one of the most important preservatives and deadly to all these types mentioned, which can be used to store water and all food and for the prevention of the majority of actual bee diseases and special in the tropics is likely in many waters of the germs that cause certainly the majority of bee diseases .

How to use: grams of delta per liter of water or (syrup)

For immediate use - for storage grams of Delta for each liter of water or (syrup)

It is also used vaccine for treating disease and rot muzzle hug offe Royal and gave the results have no such

And used in two ways:

1 - mixed with the solution diabetes:

In addition Composite dropped grams per liter syrup and offers of the infected cell and this in the case of disease prevention.

In the case of treatment is added by 2 grams per 1 liter of water

2 - way fogging on the cells:

Fogging of the compound evenly on the edges of the cells, the highest peak brood frames in the cell by about 3 grams per edge.

These illustrative picture of how cells fogging

And advisable to use the first method, a situation with sugar syrup to it the second fastest either way also advised omitted for I at times of the season where we we have to stop us then your communities are feeding this is the best way.

And is available in the form of bags of 100 grams

The right kinds of honey and quality of honey

The right kinds of honey and quality of honey

The right kinds of honey and quality of honey
Quality honey
What policy beekeeper to produce high-quality honey?!
Must of the curve to be high and bees processor properly and be in control of receiving container and suction honey former Shabak when cans at the height of opened and Mzahra and bees while be true and sound produces well and large, there Nhalon destroy the product on the last day where plucking Shabak and puts it on Shula and heated honey for less to his wife making it easier to extract Ivob part of the wax on the honey so all his bear honey up to the citizens, the top half of foam under the means and Nhalon others after suction works of the final product Tndida heat where vaporizes water from it Fathagl not come down to say citizens: that this honey heavy good, though that gravity is not a sign of quality honey and honey light the benefit of larger and more food and beekeeper to deal with customers honestly does not focus on the scientific properties of the final product does not meet the desire of customers to spoil your product but is Preference people and community awareness.

Types of honey in Yemen:
Months honey in Yemen Honey Sidr, which considers Arab wealth and asset if availability have to Genoa large profits and huge, and honey Jerdan and honey and SAB higher and bastard and Dabas Jebel head and Shamir and Bani Hammad and Aezzaaz Taiz In Wadi Hareeb Marib and Osaimat Amran where the most expensive types of honey in Yemen

انواع العسل اليمنى وجوده العسل

انواع العسل اليمنى  وجوده العسل
جودة العسل
ماهي سياسة النحال لإنتاج عسل ذي جودة عالية؟!
لابد للمنحنى أن يكون مرتفعاً والنحل معالج وسليم وان يكون متحكماً بالوعاء وشفط العسل السابق من الشبك عندما يكون العلب في ذروة فتحته ومزهراً والنحل حين يكون صحيحاً وسليماً ينتج بصورة جيدة وكبيرة, هناك نحالون يخربون المنتج في آخر يوم حيث يقطف الشبك ويضعه على الشولة ويسخن العسل لتقل لزوجته فيسهل استخراجه فيذوب جزء من الشمع على العسل لذلك فكل دبة عسل تصل الى المواطنين, النصف الأعلى منها رغوة وتحت سائل ونحالون آخرون عقب الشفط يعمل للمنتج النهائي تنضيداً بالحرارة حيث يبخر منه الماء فيثقل ولا ينزل لكي يقول المواطنون: بان هذا عسل ثقيل جيد, رغم أن الثقل ليس من علامات جودة العسل وان العسل الخفيف فيه فائدة غذائية اكبر وأكثر وعلى النحال ان يتعامل مع زبائنه بأمانة علمية لا يركز على الخصائص النهائية للمنتج ولا تلبي رغبة الزبائن لتخرب منتجك وإنما غير ميول الناس والوعي المجتمعي.

أنواع العسل باليمن:
أشهر عسل في اليمن عسل السدر والذي يعتبره العرب ثروة ومكسباً لو توافر لديهم لجنوا الإرباح الكبيرة والطائلة, وعسل الجردان وعسل وصاب العالي والسافل ودباس بجبل رأس وشمير وبني حماد والعزاعز بتعز وفي وادي حريب بمأرب والعصيمات بعمران حيث يوجد أغلى أنواع العسل باليمن

امراض النحل وتشخيصه وبعض الادويه العلاجيه

امراض النحل  وتشخيصه وبعض  الادويه العلاجيه  

يعتبر مرض تكيس الحضنة هو أشهر وأهم مرض فيروسى يصيب نحل العسل, ومن السهل تشخيص هذا المرض حيث أن:

1- الرأس فى اليرقة المصابة تكون داكنة اللون.

2- ترقد اليرقة المصابة مسطحة على ظهرها وممتدة فى العين السداسية حيث تكون رأسها مرفوعة قليلاً لأعلى كما هو واضح فى هذه الصورة:

3- فى العادة لا يغطى النحل العيون السداسية التى تحتوى يرقات مصابة أو ميتة.

4- اليرقة التى ماتت من تأثير الإصابة بفيروس تكيس الحضنة تأخذ أولاً اللون الأبيض الباهت ثم تتحول إلى اللون الأصفر ثم فى النهاية يتحول لونها إلى اللون البنى والذى يتحول إلى اللون البنى الغامق تدريجياً مع الوقت, حيث يبدأ ظهور اللون البنى بمنطقتي الرأس والصدر ويعتبر ذلك من أهم الأعراض المميزة للمرض.

5- يسهل إزالة اليرقة الميتة من العين السداسية وذلك بواسطة ملقط وفى هذه الحالة فإنها تتعلق بالملقط مثل الكيس كما هو واضح فى هذه الصورة:

اليرقة المصابة بمرض تكيس الحضنة يمكن إزالتها بسهولة من العين السداسية، بعكس الحال فى حالة الإصابة بمرض تعفن الحضنة الأمريكى, واليرقة تكون على هيئة كيس ملئ بملايين من جراثيم المرض، والوسيلة الوحيدة لمكافحة المرض هو تقوية الطوائف المريضة وتغيير الملكات

6- الكيس عبارة عن جلد اليرقة الذى لم ينسلخ حيث يكون ممتلئ بسائل مائى والذى ينساب من الكيس بسهولة عند قطعه أو تمزيقه.

7- إذا لم يزل النحل اليرقة الميتة فإنها قد تجف وتنكمش وتتحول إلى قشرة بنية أو سوداء فى قاع العين السداسية والتى تتشابه مع بعض اليرقات الميتة ببعض الأمراض الأخرى مثل مرض الحضنة الأوربي أو مرض الحضنة الأمريكى.

8- القشرة تكون غير ملتصقة بالكامل فى قاع العين السداسية كما يحدث فى مرض الحضنة الأمريكى حيث تكون ملتصقة بالكامل.

9- لا توجد رائحة مميزة لليرقات التى ماتت من تأثير مرض تكيس الحضنة عكس ما هو موجود فى الأمراض البكتيرية.

10- وجود عيون سداسية غير كاملة التغطية متفرقة يين الحضنة المغطاة أو وجود حضنة مغلقة لم تخرج من العيون السداسية بعد خروج ما حولها من الحضنة.

قرص حضنة وتشاهد بعض العيون غير مغطاة كما تشاهد يرقات النحل ممددة خلال العين السداسية ورأسها مرفوعة لأعلى

11- فشل اليرقات المصابة وكذلك طور ما قبل العذراء المصاب فى الوصول إلى طور العذراء.

ويعتقد أن الفيروس يصيب اليرقات الصغيرة والتى فى عمر 48 ساعة والتى تعتبر أكثر حساسية للإصابة بهذا الفيروس.

وفى بعض الأحيان فإن النحل يقوم بتغطية اليرقات المصابة والتى تموت مباشرة بعد تغطية العيون السداسية, ويتكاثر الفيروس داخل أنسجة اليرقة مسبباً تحللها حيث لا تتمكن اليرقة فى هذه الحالة من إنجاز عملية الانسلاخ وتظل طبقة الإندوكيوتيكل كما هى بدون تحلل وذلك نتيجة تلف الغدد الابيدرمية المنتجة لإنزيم الكيتينيز حيث تموت اليرقة بعد ذلك.

وفى الطبيعة فإن شغالات نحل العسل عادة ما تكتشف اليرقات المصابة وتقوم بإزالتها بسرعة لذلك فإنه عند ظهور الأعراض التى يلاحظها النحال فإنه يكون قد استفحل المرض وتمكن من الطائفة, حيث تبدأ الإصابة أواخر الشتاء وفى فصل الربيع وبداية الصيف, وقد لوحظ فى المناحل المصابة أن شدة الإصابة تختلف من صفر إلى 100% من الطوائف, وبالنسبة للبراويز المصابة تختلف شدة الإصابة من عدد قليل من العيون السداسية للحضنة إلى 95% منها.

وقد وجد أن فيروس تكيس الحضنة يمكنه أن يعيش حتى 200 يوم فى خبز النحل, وحالياً فإن مرض تكيس الحضنة قد تم فهمه ودراسته بالكامل.

والتساؤل هو كيف يختفى المرض فى فصل الصيف وذلك بالرغم من إضافة براويز تحتوى على يرقات جافة قادرة على الأعداء بالمرض وذلك إلى الطائفة السليمة بالرغم من أن هذه البراويز بها إصابة تقدر 54%, ولتوضيح ذلك وجد أن قشور اليرقات الجافة المحتوية على الفيروس تفقد قدرتها على العدوى بعد 3 أسابيع على درجة 18oم.

والتساؤل الثانى هو كيف ينتشر المرض فى المناطق المعتدلة؟

ولتوضيح ذلك فإن Bailey سنة 1970 بين أن الفيروس يمكنه التراكم فى رأس الحشرة الكاملة وخاصة فى الغدد تحت البلعومية كما تم عزله أيضاً من مخ الذكر, يتضح من ذلك أن الحشرة الكاملة لنحل العسل تعمل كمخزن لفيروس تكيس الحضنة, ويعتقد أنه يتم عن طريقها نقل الفيروس, وقد يشاهد مرض تكيس الحضنة فى الصيف وذلك بعد أن تكون الطوائف قد عانت من فقد فى الحشرات الكاملة كما يحدث فى حالة مرضها بالمبيدات.

طريقة العلاج

المكافحة والعلاج:

التوصيات التالية يمكن بواسطتها السيطرة على المرض والحد من خطورته:

1- تقوية الطوائف الضعيفة بإضافة نحل إليها.

2- تغيير الملكة فى الطوائف المصابة.

3- تحسين الظروف البيئية فى منطقة المنحل.

4- وضع الخلايا على حوامل لمنع دخول النحل الزاحف إليها والذى قد يكون مصاب.

ومن منتجات شركة ايفل اللبنانيه للقضاء على المرض

نيو تيراميسين إيفل NEW TERRAMYCIN with vitamins

يعتبر مضاد حيوى للنحل واسع المجال لعلاج امراض الاسهال الاسود والزحف والبكتريا وامراض البطن بشكل عام حيث حين الضغط على بطن النحلة وتخرج رائحة كريهة . وله فؤائد علاجية اخرى كثيره

حيث يتضمن تركيبه مجموعة علاجية ومجموعة فيتامينات والكالسيوم ومنها

oxytetracycline

neomycin

vitamin A

vitamin D3

vitamin K

vitamin E

vitamin B12

vitamin B2

niacinamide

calcium patothenate

متوفر فى شكل بودره بأكياس 100 جرام

طريقة الاستعمال :

1 جرام لكل ليتر محلول سكرى كوقاية

2 جرام لكل ليتر محلول سكرى كعلاج

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تيراميسين إيفل TERRAMYCIN Soluble Powder

وهذا ايضا يماثل الذى اعلاه والفارق بينهم ان هذا المنتج لعلاج الاصابة الشديده

ومتوفر ايضا فى شكل بودره باكياس 100 جرام

طريقة الاستعمال :

1 جرام لكل ليتر محلول سكرى كوقاية

2 جرام لكل ليتر محلول سكرى كعلاج

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منتجات شركة رويال لعلاج المرض

مضاد حيوي للنحل

مضاد حيوي للنحل واسع المجال لعلاج الإصابات البكترية والاسهالات المعدية ويستعمل لعلاج التعفن والطفح والبقع والبثور و الشلل وايضا علاج واسع المجال لعلاج الجهاز التنفسى

حيث يحوى فى تركيبه على oxytetracycline و calcium و neomycin وغيرهم من المواد المركبة

حيث يتوفر فى شكل أكياس 100 جرام

طريقة الاستعمال :

للحماية يضاف على المحلول السكرى بكمية 1 جرام تقريبا لكل 1 ليتر ماء

اما للعلاج فيضاف على المحلول السكرى بنسبه 2 جرام تقريبا لكل 1 ليتر ماء

ويعطى المستحضر نتائج مزهله ومن اول جرعة علاجيه والتجربة خير دليل .

والمستحضر مصرح به تحت اشراف المختبرات العاليمة

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بودرة لعلاج مرض تعفن الحضنة الامريكى و الاوروبى على النحل

وهى تعتبر مضاد حيوى لعلاج مرض تعفن الحضنه الامريكى والاوروبى على النحل

وتستخدم بطريقتين :

1- خلطه بالمحلول السكرى :

يضاف المركب بنسبة جرام لكل لتر محلول سكرى ويقدم للخلية المصابة وهذا فى حالة الوقاية من المرض .

اما فى حالة العلاج يضاف بنسبة 2 جرام لكل 1 ليتر ماء

2- طريقة التعفير على الخلايا :

يتم التعفير من المركب بشكل متجانس على حواف الخلايا أعلى قمة براويز الحضنة فى الخلية بنسبة 3 جرام تقريبا لكل حافة .

وهذه صورة توضيحية لكيفية التعفير على الخلايا

وينصح باستعمال الطريقة الأولى وهى الوضع مع المحلول السكري لأنها الاسرع اما الطريقة الثاني ينصح بيها ايضا لاكن في أوقات الموسم حيث اننا نكون قد منعنا تغذية الطوائف فبالتالي تكون هذه هي الطريقة الأفضل .

ويتوفر فى شكل اكياس 100 جرام

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الشلل

ومنها:

1- مرض فيروس الشلل المزمن Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV)

2- مرض فيروس الشلل الحاد Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV)

يعتبر مرض الشلل ثانى مرض معروف جيداً فى نحل العسل.

حيث كتب عنه النحالون منذ أكثر من 100 عام, ونادراً ما يوجد فى المناحل ولكنه قد يؤدى إلى موت عدد قليل من الطوائف, ويختفى بالسرعة التى يظهر بها, والنحلة التى تعانى من الشلل غالباً ما تفقد شعر جسمها ويصبح جسمها منتفخ ولامع وأسود, وأحيانا يعرف هذا المرض باسم مرض الصلع أو مرض الأعراض المتزامنة فى ظهورها والتى تؤدى إلى اسوداد النحل.

وأول من وضع ملاحظاته عن هذا المرض هو Huber سنة 1814 وفى سنة 1963 تمكن Bailey وزملاءه من التعرف على نوعين من الفيروسات تسبب شلل لنحل العسل وهما الـ ABPV والـ CBPV, ولقد بدأ فهم وإدراك مرض الــ CBPV بواسطة الدراسات التى أجراها Burside سنة 1933 و سنة 1945 حيث لاحظ أن وجود نحل أصلع يعتبر مرض غير ثابت, كما أن النحل المصاب بشدة قد يموت أحياناً قبل أن يفقد شعره كما يتناقص السلوك الهجومى للنحل السليم تجاه النحل المريض فى درجات الحرارة الباردة, كذلك حدوث شلل فى رجل أو أكثر من أرجل النحلة, كما يلاحظ أيضاً تأثير درجة الحرارة على النحل المصاب, فالنحل الذى تم تحضينه على 35 درجة مئوية أظهر أعراض ملحوظة قبل حدوث الموت وذلك عن النحل الذى تم تحضينه على درجات حرارة منخفضة.

كما لوحظ أن النحل المصاب بالشلل المزمن CBPV يموت أسرع على درجة 35 درجة مئوية فى حين أن النحل المصاب بالشلل الحاد ABPV يموت أسرع على درجة 30 درجة مئوية, ويعتقد أن معظم حالات النحل الزاحف فى الطوائف تكون مرتبطة بالشلل المزمن CBPV, حيث أن Butler سنة 1943 قد ذكر 12 حالة مرضية تتصف بالشلل والزحف وعدم مقدرة النحل على الطيران بما فيها الإصابة بمرض النيوزيما ومرض الأكارين.

أما مرض الشلل الحاد ABPV فإنه وجد أن الشغالات المصابة به تموت بسرعة على درجة 30 درجة مئوية, وتتراكم وحدات ABPV فى الغدد تحت البلعومية فى رأس الحشرة الكاملة كما أنه لا يؤثر على هذه الغدد, ويظهر المرض أثناء موسم النشاط حيث تساعد درجة الحرارة العالية على ظهوره, وقد تم تسجيل مرض الشلل الحاد فى الاتحاد السوفيتى وألمانيا ووجد أنه مرتبط بالإصابة بحلم الفاروا حيث يحتمل أن حلم الفاروا نفسه قد يحمل هذا الفيروس.

شغالة نحل العسل المصابة بفيروس الشلل تكون فى حالة ارتجاف وارتعاش مستمرين, كما تفقد النحل شعرها فتظهر بلون أسود قاتم مما يوحى للنحال بأنها نحل غريب عن الخلية (نحل سارق)، ويمكن علاج المرض بتغيير الملكة بسلالة قوية، وإضافة نحل صغير السن من خلية سليمة.

أعراض الإصابة بأمراض الشلل:

1- حدوث شلل سريع وحاد للنحل.

2- تصاب الحشرة بارتجافات فى جسمها وأجنحتها.

3- تشاهد الشغالات زاحفة على الأرض غير قادرة على الطيران أو قد تزحف على أفرع الأشجار.

4- تضخم البطن وامتلاء معدة العسل بالسوائل.

5- قد تصاب الحشرة بما يشبه الإسهال.

6- موت الحشرات الكاملة.

7- تتدهور حالة الطائفة خلال عدة أيام ويبقى عدد قليل من الشغالات مع الملكة.

8- تساعد الإصابة بمرض الفاروا على ظهور وتنشيط فيروس الشلل.

9- فقد الحشرات لشعيرات جسمها.

10- تتحول الحشرات التى فقدت شعيرات جسمها إلى اللون الأسود اللامع.

طريقة العلاج

يستخدم لعلاج مرض الشلل دلتا بكتريا والذى يعتبر من اقوى المنتجات لعلاجه

دلتا مضادة للبكتريا :

دلتا بكتريا

لمياه نقية ومعقمة وصالحة للاستعمال (خالية من الجراثيم والبكتيريا)

يعتبر من اهم واقوي المـواد الحافظة للماء وللماكلات من جـميع انواع البكتريـــا والفيروسات و الجراثيم والتي يمكن استعمالها لكل حـالات تنقية الميــاه الاســتعمال الفــوري او للتخزين ان اكثرية امراض النحل فى المناطق الحارة تاتى من المياه الـتي نستعملـها بـدون غلي او تعقيم مع السكر لتغذية النحل او من المياه التي يشرب منها النحل ، فيــاخذ انــواع كثــيرة مـن البكتريا والفيروسات والجراثيم فتسبب الكثير من الامراض للنحل وينقل الى اليرقات التــى تتــغـذي مباشرةً من فم شغالات النحل لذلك تنقل الامراض من جيل الى جيل حتى تنتهي وتخـــور قواهـــا وتموت ببطئ بعد ان تنشر العدوي الى جميع طوائف النحل المجاورة لبعضها البعض . فان خسارتنا للنحل خسارة كبيرة لا تعوض بسهولة لذلك دلتا مضاد للبكتيريا للحفاظ وللوقاية من اكثرية انواع البكتريا والفيروسات والجراثيم لمدة سنة كاملة. للوقاية من الامراض الفطرية و الفيروسـية والبكتيريـة مثـل الاسـهال (الاسـود) النيوزيميا- (الاسهال الاسود) - التعفن الاوروبي- التحجر- الشلل . دلتا من اهم المواد الحافظة والقاتلة لجميع هذه الانـواع المذكورة والتى يمكن استعمالها لتخزين المياه وجميع الماكولات و للوقاية الفعلية من اكثرية امراض النحل وخاصاً فـى المناطق الحارة المحتمل فى مياهها الكثير من الجراثيم التى تســبب بالتـاكيد اكثريـة امراض النحل .

طريقة الاستعمال : غرام من دلتا لكل ليتر ماء او (محلول سكري)

للاستعمال الفوري - للتخزين غرام من دلتا لكل ليتر ماء او (محلول سكري)

ويستعمل ايضا المضاد الخاص بعلاج مرض تعفن وتحجر الحضنه الخاص بشركة رويال واعطى نتائج ليس لها مثل

وتستخدم بطريقتين :

1- خلطه بالمحلول السكرى :

يضاف المركب بنسبة جرام لكل لتر محلول سكرى ويقدم للخلية المصابة وهذا فى حالة الوقاية من المرض .

اما فى حالة العلاج يضاف بنسبة 2 جرام لكل 1 ليتر ماء

2- طريقة التعفير على الخلايا :

يتم التعفير من المركب بشكل متجانس على حواف الخلايا أعلى قمة براويز الحضنة فى الخلية بنسبة 3 جرام تقريبا لكل حافة .

وهذه صورة توضيحية لكيفية التعفير على الخلايا

وينصح باستعمال الطريقة الأولى وهى الوضع مع المحلول السكري لأنها الاسرع اما الطريقة الثاني ينصح بيها ايضا لاكن في أوقات الموسم حيث اننا نكون قد منعنا تغذية الطوائف فبالتالي تكون هذه هي الطريقة الأفضل .

ويتوفر فى شكل اكياس 100 جرام